Simulations

A simulation (AS91268) copies a real chance situation using a random tool — random digits, dice, coins — so you can estimate a probability by running the situation many times instead of working it out with theory (or doing it for real). The skill is in the design: choosing a tool, assigning its outcomes so the proportions match the real probabilities, defining exactly what one trial is, and running enough trials. The estimate is the long-run relative frequency, and it settles down as the number of trials grows.