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15 exam-style questions with model answers, plus 22 quick multi-choice questions — every question on the site for this standard, grouped by the 5 pages of notes they come from.
Write a full answer before you reveal the model one — that comparison is where the marks come from. Every block links back to the notes that teach it.
State the standard's definition of a contemporary economic issue, and explain why "the allocation of scarce resources" is the decisive part of it.
Explain in detail how you would narrow the broad topic "traffic congestion in New Zealand" into a workable AS91228 issue.
Two students choose issues for AS91228. Student A chooses "inequality in New Zealand". Student B chooses "the shortage of qualified builders in one New Zealand region".
Compare and contrast the two choices against the standard's requirements, and give a reasoned judgement about which is better and how the weaker one could be rescued.
On a market model, explain what happens to price and quantity when demand shifts right, and when supply shifts left.
Explain in detail why a rightward shift of demand produces a much larger price rise when supply is inelastic than when supply is elastic, using an example.
⚠️ Illustrative issue. In a New Zealand region, demand for skilled tradespeople has risen sharply because of a construction boom, while the number of qualified tradespeople has grown very slowly.
Explain the causes of this shortage using an economic model, compare and contrast the two causes, and give a reasoned judgement about which matters more.
⚠️ Illustrative issue. In one New Zealand town, the price of a scarce good has risen because a large new employer arrived and increased the number of buyers.
Explain this cause using an economic model.
Explain in detail the difference between an immediate cause and an underlying cause of an economic issue, and why identifying the underlying cause matters.
⚠️ Illustrative issue. In a New Zealand catchment, demand for fresh water has risen because of intensified land use, while the amount that can be taken sustainably is limited by the catchment itself and by consent conditions.
Explain the causes of the resulting allocation problem using an economic model, compare and contrast the demand-side and supply-side causes, and give a reasoned judgement about which is more fundamental.
⚠️ Illustrative issue. The price of electricity to households has risen sharply.
Explain the impact of this on low-income households and on electricity generators.
Explain in detail why the same price rise affects low-income and high-income households differently, and why this matters for how an economic issue is judged.
⚠️ Illustrative issue. A New Zealand city introduces a charge for driving on its main routes during peak hours, to address severe congestion.
Compare and contrast the impacts on commuters who continue to drive, commuters who stop driving, and the wider community, and give a reasoned judgement about whether the charge makes the city better off.
State the three things AS91228 requires for Achieved, and the three components of Excellence.
Explain in detail why two descriptions placed side by side is not a comparison, and set out the structure a proper comparison needs.
You are planning your AS91228 report. Explain how you would design it so that all three Excellence components are achievable, and compare and contrast what distinguishes a Merit report from an Excellence one in this standard.