Loading subjects
9 exam-style questions with model answers, plus 12 quick multi-choice questions — every question on the site for this standard, grouped by the 3 pages of notes they come from.
Write a full answer before you reveal the model one — that comparison is where the marks come from. Every block links back to the notes that teach it.
Describe what a hypothesis must contain for this standard, and describe the three types of variable in a fair test.
Explain why a method must control variables and choose an appropriate range, and explain how each contributes to the validity of an investigation.
A student investigating an ecological pattern in the field cannot control most variables. Discuss how validity can still be achieved in such an investigation, and evaluate the trade-offs against a laboratory fair test.
Describe the difference between random and systematic errors, giving an example of each and how each can be reduced.
Explain why a method can be reliable but not valid, and explain how sampling bias affects an investigation.
Discuss how the design of an investigation determines what conclusions it can support, and evaluate what a student should do when their data are reliable but their method has a limitation they cannot remove.
Describe what a conclusion must contain for this standard, and describe why another source must be included.
Explain why an investigation's conclusion must be limited to what its design can support, and explain how a student should handle a result that disagrees with a published source.
The Excellence criterion asks students to justify their choices by evaluating the validity of their method or the reliability of their data. Discuss what genuine evaluation requires, and evaluate why reporting weaknesses strengthens rather than weakens a report.