Topics

Gene Expression

What this standard covers

Nucleic acid structure — nucleotides, base pairing, and the coding and template strands of DNA.
The genetic code — triplets, codons and anticodons, and why the code is degenerate.
Protein synthesis — transcription and translation turning a base sequence into a polypeptide.
The significance of proteins — their structural and catalytic roles, and one gene to one polypeptide.
Metabolic pathways and mutations — how enzymes and mutations determine phenotype, and what mutagens do.
The environment and phenotype — how conditions change appearance without changing the genotype.

Nucleic Acids & the Genetic Code

What this standard covers

Nucleic acid structure — nucleotides, base pairing, and the coding and template strands of DNA.
The genetic code — triplets, codons and anticodons, and why the code is degenerate.
Protein synthesis — transcription and translation turning a base sequence into a polypeptide.
The significance of proteins — their structural and catalytic roles, and one gene to one polypeptide.
Metabolic pathways and mutations — how enzymes and mutations determine phenotype, and what mutagens do.
The environment and phenotype — how conditions change appearance without changing the genotype.